墨西哥国立人类学博物馆是拉丁美洲最大的博物馆,是人类学专门性博物馆。它坐落于墨西哥城查普尔特佩克公园,占地面积12.5万平方米,建筑面积约4.5万平方米。它于1964年9月正式向公众开放。

The National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico is the largest museum in Latin America and a specialized museum of anthropology.Located in Chap ul te pec Park in Mexico City, it covers an area of 125,000 square meters, with a building area of about 45,000 square meters. It was opened to the public in September 1964.

馆内主要收藏和展出的是印第安文明的遗存，反映了墨西哥和整个美洲早期文明的进程。博物馆分为上下两层，第一层有12个展厅，展示了人类学、墨西哥文化起源以及欧洲人抵达前墨西哥各民族的文化和生活，其中阿兹特克文化馆和玛雅文化馆是集中体现印第安文明的两大展厅。第二层则展示了印第安人的服饰、乐器、武器、宗教器皿等多种文物，详细展示了墨西哥各民族的文化、艺术、宗教和生活方式。

The museum mainly collects and exhibits relics of Indigenous civilizations, reflecting the development of early civilizations in Mexico and throughout the Americas. The museum is divided into two floors. The first floor has 12 exhibition rooms showcasing anthropology, the origins of Mexican culture, and the culture and lifestyle of various peoples of Mexico before the arrival of Europeans, with the Aztec Culture Hall and the Maya Culture Hall being the two main exhibition areas representing Indigenous civilizations. The second floor displays various artifacts such as Indigenous clothing, musical instruments, weapons, and religious vessels, providing a detailed presentation of the culture, art, religion, and lifestyles of Mexico’s various ethnic groups.

墨西哥国立人类学博物馆的镇馆之宝分别是：

Here are three museum treasures:

太阳历石

这块24吨重的石碑于1790年出土。它看起来像个太阳，外形是圆的，有着向外发散的光芒。石头表面有繁复的历法符号和图画，形象地雕刻了阿兹特克太阳历。它展示了阿兹特克文化的神秘与璀璨，如今已经成为墨西哥文化的象征。

The Aztec Sun Stone

This 24-ton stone was discovered in 1790. It looks like a sun with a circular shape. It has rays emanating out. The stone surface is adorned with intricate symbols and images, vividly carving the Aztec Sun Calendar. It showcases the mystery and brilliance of Aztec culture and has become the modern-day emblem of Mexican culture.

巨型羽蛇神雕像

它由玄武岩雕刻而成，高约3米，重达数吨。蛇头部分细节精湛，蛇身布满羽毛纹样，展现了阿兹特克石雕艺术的高超技艺。羽蛇神是中美洲多个文明（阿兹特克、玛雅、托尔特克等）共同崇拜的神祇，象征智慧、生命、风与丰收。

The Giant Statue of Quetzalcoatl

It is carved out of basalt and is about 3 meters tall and weighs several tons. The head of the snake is exquisitely detailed, and the body of the snake is covered with feather patterns, showing the superb skill of Aztec stone carving. Quetzalcoatl is a god worshipped by several civilizations in Mesoamerica (Aztec, Mayan, Toltec, etc.), symbolizing wisdom, life, wind, and harvest.

翡翠面具

这件面具和它的附属物项链可追溯至约1100年历史的玛雅时代。据说其纹饰隐含玛雅人对时间周期的独特理解，因而成为研究玛雅宇宙观的重要物品。

The Jade Mask

It is from the Maya civilization, which dates back approximately 1,100 years, along with its accompanying necklace. It is said that its iconography reflects Maya cyclical time concepts, making it a key artifact for studying their cosmology.